{"id":3079,"date":"2021-03-24T10:56:03","date_gmt":"2021-03-24T08:56:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vilniussveikiau.lt\/tuberkulioze-apsaugok-save-ir-kitus\/"},"modified":"2025-03-18T15:22:39","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T13:22:39","slug":"tuberkulioze-apsaugok-save-ir-kitus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vilniussveikiau.lt\/lt\/tuberkulioze-apsaugok-save-ir-kitus\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuberkulioz\u0117 \u2013 apsaugok save ir kitus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- VideographyWP Plugin Message: Automatic video embedding prevented by plugin options. --><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kovo 24-\u0105j\u0105 minint Pasaulin\u0119 tuberkulioz\u0117s dien\u0105, Vilniaus visuomen\u0117s sveikatos biuro \u201eVilnius sveikiau\u201c specialistai atkreipia d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f \u0161ios ligos simptomus ir pabr\u0117\u017eia, kad nuo jos galima apsisaugoti, o u\u017esikr\u0117tus \u2013 i\u0161gydyti. Ta\u010diau tuberkulioz\u0117 i\u0161lieka viena pavojingiausi\u0173 infekcini\u0173 lig\u0173, nuo kurios kasdien mir\u0161ta apie 4000 suaugusi\u0173j\u0173 ir net apie 700 vaik\u0173, tod\u0117l svarbu \u017einoti, kaip galime nuo jos apsisaugoti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201eVilnius sveikiau\u201c specialistai atsako \u012f svarbiausius, su \u0161ia liga susijusius klausimus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kokia tai liga?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuberkulioz\u0117 (TB) yra infekcin\u0117 liga, sukeliama tuberkulioz\u0117s mikobakterijos (<em>mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/em>), kuri da\u017eniausiai pa\u017eeid\u017eia plau\u010dius, bet gali pa\u017eeisti ir kitus organus (inkstus, stuburo ir galvos smegenis). Tuberkulioz\u0117 plinta oro la\u0161eliniu b\u016bdu, kai \u017emon\u0117s, sergantys atvira TB forma, kalba, kos\u0117ja ar \u010diaudo. TB mikrobai i\u0161lieka gyvybingi aplinkoje iki keli\u0173 valand\u0173, u\u017etenka \u012fkv\u0117pti kelis ligos suk\u0117l\u0117jus ir jau galima u\u017esikr\u0117sti. Taip pat \u0161i liga yra viena pagrindini\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173, sergan\u010di\u0173 \u017dIV, mirties prie\u017eas\u010di\u0173.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">U\u017esikr\u0117t\u0119s \u017emogus neb\u016btinai suserga TB, jis gali pasyviai ne\u0161ioti ligos suk\u0117l\u0117j\u0105, neplatindamas jo kitiems net 2 ar daugiau met\u0173. Ta\u010diau nusilpus imunitetui ir tinkamai nesigydant, TB bakterijos i\u0161plinta po organizm\u0105 ir \u017emogus suserga atvira tuberkulioz\u0117s forma. Yra manoma, kad apie tre\u010ddalis pasaulio gyventoj\u0173 yra u\u017esikr\u0117t\u0119 TB bakterija, bet nesuserga. Apie 5\u201310 proc. u\u017esikr\u0117tusi\u0173j\u0173 suserga atvira TB forma, kurios mirtingumas gali siekti net 50 proc., tod\u0117l kyla gr\u0117sm\u0117 u\u017ekr\u0117sti aplinkinius. Per metus vienas ligonis gali u\u017ekr\u0117sti apie 20 kit\u0173 asmen\u0173. Veiksniai, didinantys rizik\u0105, susirgti atvira TB forma: netinkama mityba, r\u016bkymas, nuovargis, nesaikingas alkoholio vartojimas, imuniteto nusilpimas, prasta asmens ir aplinkos higiena.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Koks yra tuberkulioz\u0117 paplitimas Lietuvoje?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><u>Sergamumas Lietuvoje:<\/u><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lietuvoje sergamumas plau\u010di\u0173 TB yra vienas did\u017eiausi\u0173 Europoje. Skai\u010diuojama, kad infekuot\u0173, bet nesergan\u010di\u0173, yra apie 80 proc. Kiekvienais metais atvira TB forma suserga apie 1000 \u017emoni\u0173. Baltijos \u0161alyse yra daugiausiai registruot\u0173 u\u017esikr\u0117tim\u0173 vaistams atspariomis TB formomis visoje Europoje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><u>Po\u017eymiai<\/u><\/p>\n<p><strong>U\u017esikr\u0117t\u0119s, bet nesergantis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u0117ra joki\u0173 po\u017eymi\u0173<\/li>\n<li>Normali savijauta<\/li>\n<li>N\u0117ra u\u017ekre\u010diami kiti \u017emon\u0117s<\/li>\n<li>Teigiamas odos (Mantu) testas<\/li>\n<li>Rentgeno nuotrauka nieko nerodo, neigiamas skrepli\u0173 tyrimas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Atvira tuberkulioz\u0117s forma:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sunkus kosulys, trunkantis 3 ar daugiau savai\u010di\u0173<\/li>\n<li>Skausmas kr\u016btin\u0117je<\/li>\n<li>Kos\u0117jimas krauju ir skrepliais<\/li>\n<li>Galima u\u017ekr\u0117sti kitus \u017emones<\/li>\n<li>Teigiamas odos (Mantu) testas<\/li>\n<li>Pakitimai kr\u016btin\u0117s rentgeno nuotraukoje, teigiamas skrepli\u0173 testas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kiti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Silpnumas ar nuovargis<\/li>\n<li>Svorio kritimas<\/li>\n<li>Apetito stoka<\/li>\n<li>Drebulys<\/li>\n<li>Kar\u0161\u010diavimas<\/li>\n<li>Prakaitavimas nakt\u012f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kaip apsisaugoti nuo \u0161ios ligos?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pagrindin\u0117 apsisaugojimo nuo tuberkulioz\u0117s priemon\u0117 \u2013 skiepai. \u0160i liga yra ypa\u010d pavojinga naujagimiams ir vaikams iki 5 met\u0173, kadangi jie dar neturi susiformavusio imuniteto. Pasaulin\u0117 sveikatos organizacija rekomenduoja vaikus skiepyti kaip galima anks\u010diau. Lietuvoje naujagimiai skiepijami 2\u20133 dien\u0105 po gimimo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Taip pat labai svarbu laikytis rank\u0173 higienos, reguliariai valyti ir v\u0117dinti patalpas, ypa\u010d bendrose erdv\u0117se: darbe, mokyklose ar dar\u017eeliuose. Sergantys atvira TB forma tur\u0117t\u0173 laikytis kos\u0117jimo ir \u010diaud\u0117jimo etiketo, ne\u0161ioti medicinin\u0119 veido kauk\u0119, kalb\u0117dami laikytis 1,5 m atstumo nuo aplinkini\u0173 ir \u0161eimos nari\u0173, ypa\u010d k\u016bdiki\u0173 ir silpn\u0105 imunitet\u0105 turin\u010di\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kam yra skirtas tuberkulino odos testas?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0160is testas (Mantu reakcija) naudojamas siekiant nustatyti, ar asmuo yra u\u017esikr\u0117t\u0119s TB. Tuberkulinas su\u0161virk\u0161\u010diamas po oda. Po 2\u20133 dien\u0173, \u012fvertinus odos patinimo skersmen\u012f, nustatoma, ar testas neigiamas, ar teigiamas. Testas gali b\u016bti teigiamas, jei \u017emogus infekuotas tuberkulioz\u0117s mikobakterija, bet neserga atvira TB forma. D\u0117l to yra siun\u010diamas tolesni\u0173 tyrim\u0173. \u0160is testas Lietuvoje atliekamas nemokamai visiems 7 met\u0173 vaikams, taip pat ir vaikams iki 18 met\u0173 am\u017eiaus, kurie priklauso \u0161ioms rizikos grup\u0117ms:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>neskiepyti nuo TB;<\/li>\n<li>bendraujantys su sergan\u010diuoju;<\/li>\n<li>da\u017enai sergantys vir\u0161utini\u0173 kv\u0117pavimo tak\u0173 ligomis;<\/li>\n<li>sergantys \u017dIV ar kitomis imunodeficitin\u0117mis ligomis;<\/li>\n<li>sergantys l\u0117tin\u0117mis ligomis;<\/li>\n<li>gydomi kortikosteroidais;<\/li>\n<li>vaikai i\u0161 socialin\u0117s rizikos \u0161eim\u0173;<\/li>\n<li>gyvenantys sutrikusio vystymosi k\u016bdiki\u0173 namuose, vaik\u0173 globos namuose, internatuose, pensionatuose;<\/li>\n<li>migrantai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>K\u0105 daryti susirgus tuberkulioze?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuberkulioz\u0117 yra i\u0161gydoma liga, jei nustatoma laiku ir gydymas vyksta nepertraukiamai. Lietuvoje yra taikomas 4 antimikrobini\u0173 vaist\u0173 6 m\u0117nesi\u0173 kursas. Svarbu yra nuosekliai laikytis gydymo plano ir j\u012f iki galo pabaigti. Nuosekliam ambulatoriniam gydymui u\u017etikrinti yra naudojamas tiesiogiai stebimas trumpo kurso gydymas (DOTS). Sveikatos prie\u017ei\u016bros specialistas kasdien stebi, kad b\u016bt\u0173 tinkamai vartojami vaistai ir neb\u016bt\u0173 nutraukiamas gydymas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><u>Vaistams atspari tuberkulioz\u0117<\/u><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Standartiniai vaistai TB gydyti naudojami jau apie 10 met\u0173. Per t\u0105 laik\u0105 yra atsirad\u0119 TB bakterij\u0173 atmain\u0173, kurios yra atsparios standartiniam gydymui. Taip atsitinka netinkamai vartojant vaistus, nutraukus gydymo kurs\u0105 anks\u010diau, negu nustatyta. TB formos, atsparios standartiniam gydymui, gydomos antros eil\u0117s vaistais, ta\u010diau \u0161is gydymo metodas yra ribotas, vaistai ne visada prieinami, i\u0161pl\u0117stin\u0117 chemoterapija gali u\u017etrukti iki 2 met\u0173 ir sukelti sunkias nepageidaujamas reakcijas. Tod\u0117l \u201eVilnius sveikiau\u201c specialistai pirmiausiai pataria saugotis nuo \u0161ios ligos, o susirgus \u2013 gydytis nepertraukiamai pagal visas gydytojo rekomendacijas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kovo 24-\u0105j\u0105 minint Pasaulin\u0119 tuberkulioz\u0117s dien\u0105, Vilniaus visuomen\u0117s sveikatos biuro \u201eVilnius sveikiau\u201c specialistai atkreipia d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f \u0161ios ligos simptomus ir pabr\u0117\u017eia, kad nuo jos galima apsisaugoti, o u\u017esikr\u0117tus \u2013 i\u0161gydyti. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3080,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"class_list":["post-3079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-be-kategorijos","tag-ligu-prevencija"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tuberkulioz\u0117 \u2013 apsaugok save ir kitus - Vilniaus visuomen\u0117s sveikatos biuras<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vilniussveikiau.lt\/lt\/tuberkulioze-apsaugok-save-ir-kitus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tuberkulioz\u0117 \u2013 apsaugok save ir kitus - Vilniaus visuomen\u0117s sveikatos biuras\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kovo 24-\u0105j\u0105 minint Pasaulin\u0119 tuberkulioz\u0117s dien\u0105, Vilniaus visuomen\u0117s sveikatos biuro \u201eVilnius sveikiau\u201c specialistai atkreipia d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f \u0161ios ligos simptomus ir pabr\u0117\u017eia, kad nuo jos galima apsisaugoti, o u\u017esikr\u0117tus \u2013 i\u0161gydyti. 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